Fiction

The final part of the José Rizal biography series: an assessment of Rizal as the true creator of Filipino nationalism, and his complex relationship to the revolution.

Part 31 of the José Rizal biography series: the enduring historical debate over whether Rizal recanted his beliefs before his execution.

Part 30 of the José Rizal biography series: his secret burial, the discovery of his remains after Spain’s defeat, and the Philippines’ enduring national reverence for him.

Part 29 of the José Rizal biography series: his final walk to Bagumbayan Field and execution on December 30, 1896, and the monument built in his memory. End of Chapter Six.

Part 28 of the José Rizal biography series: the death sentence, his final farewells to family and Josephine, and the discovery of "My Last Farewell."

Part 27 of the José Rizal biography series: his court-martial, the flimsy charges against him, and the sudden change of Governor-General that sealed his fate.

Part 26 of the José Rizal biography series: his return to Manila, imprisonment in Fort Santiago, and the torture of his brother Paciano.

Part 25 of the José Rizal biography series: the exposure of the Katipunan conspiracy, Bonifacio’s uprising, and the order for Rizal’s arrest.

Part 24 of the José Rizal biography series: his refusal to join the Katipunan’s escape plan, his offer to serve in Cuba, and his emotional departure from Dapitan and Manila. End of Chapter Five.

Part 23 of the José Rizal biography series: the rise of the Katipunan, Bonifacio’s secret appeal to Rizal, and Blumentritt’s warning against armed revolt.